Zephyr Workbench, a VSCode extension to manage Zephyr on STM32.
It enables users to easily create, develop, and debug Zephyr applications.
Main features:
Install host dependencies.
Import toolchain and SDK.
Create, configure, build and manage apps.
Debug STM32.
You can directly download it from the VSCode marketplace
For more details, visit the Zephyr Workbench
The STM32F103 is supported on System Workbench but was only released quite recently; could you update your IDE (Help >> Check for Updates...) and test again?