Posted by MSchultz on 2015-09-08 17:49

The way I got printf (and all other console-oriented stdio functions) to work was by creating custom implementations of the low-level I/O functions like _read() and _write().

The GCC C library makes calls to the following functions to perform low-level I/O :

int _read(int file, char *data, int len)
int _write(int file, char *data, int len)
int _close(int file)
int _lseek(int file, int ptr, int dir)
int _fstat(int file, struct stat *st)
int _isatty(int file)

int _read(int file, char *data, int len)

int _write(int file, char *data, int len)

int _close(int file)

int _lseek(int file, int ptr, int dir)

int _fstat(int file, struct stat *st)

int _isatty(int file)

These functions are implemented witihin the GCC C library as stub routines with “weak” linkage. If a declaration of any of the above functions appears in your own code, your substitute routine will override the declaration in the library and be used instead of the default (non-functional) routine.

I have copied my implementations of these functions below. You will need to substitute the calls to UART_TxBlocking() and UART_RxBlocking() with calls to whatever functions you have created that do U(S)ART I/O.

#ifdef __GCC__
#include  <errno.h>
#include  <stdio.h>
#include  <sys/stat.h>
#include  <sys/unistd.h>
#include "stdio_helper_gcc.h" 
#include "UART.h"

#undef errno
extern int errno;

/******************************************************************************
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

void stdio_setup(int no_init)
{
    if (! no_init)
    {
        UART_Init(0);
    }
    // Turn off buffers, so I/O occurs immediately
    setvbuf(stdin, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
    setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
    setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

int _read(int file, char *data, int len)
{
    int bytes_read;

    if (file != STDIN_FILENO)
    {
        errno = EBADF;
        return -1;
    }

    for (bytes_read = 0; bytes_read < len; bytes_read++)
    {
        *data = (char) UART_RxBlocking();
        data++;
    }

    return bytes_read;
}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

int _write(int file, char *data, int len)
{
    int bytes_written;

    if ((file != STDOUT_FILENO) && (file != STDERR_FILENO))
    {
        errno = EBADF;
        return -1;
    }

    for (bytes_written = 0; bytes_written < len; bytes_written++)
    {
        UART_TxBlocking(*data);
        data++;
    }

    return bytes_written;
}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

int _close(int file)
{
    return -1;
}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

int _lseek(int file, int ptr, int dir)
{
    return 0;
}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

int _fstat(int file, struct stat *st)
{
    st->st_mode = S_IFCHR;
    return 0;
}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

int _isatty(int file)
{
    if ((file == STDOUT_FILENO) ||
        (file == STDIN_FILENO) ||
        (file == STDERR_FILENO))
    {
        return 1;
    }

    errno = EBADF;
    return 0;
}
#endif

#ifdef __GCC__

#include  <errno.h>

#include  <stdio.h>

#include  <sys/stat.h>

#include  <sys/unistd.h>

#include "stdio_helper_gcc.h" 

#include "UART.h"

​

#undef errno

extern int errno;

​

/******************************************************************************

 *

 ******************************************************************************/

​

void stdio_setup(int no_init)

{

    if (! no_init)

    {

        UART_Init(0);

    }

    // Turn off buffers, so I/O occurs immediately

    setvbuf(stdin, NULL, _IONBF, 0);

    setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);

    setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);

}

​

/******************************************************************************

 *

 ******************************************************************************/

​

int _read(int file, char *data, int len)

{

    int bytes_read;

​

    if (file != STDIN_FILENO)

    {

        errno = EBADF;

        return -1;

    }

​

    for (bytes_read = 0; bytes_read < len; bytes_read++)

    {

        *data = (char) UART_RxBlocking();

        data++;

    }

​

    return bytes_read;

}

​

/******************************************************************************

 *

 ******************************************************************************/

​

int _write(int file, char *data, int len)

{

    int bytes_written;

​

    if ((file != STDOUT_FILENO) && (file != STDERR_FILENO))

    {

        errno = EBADF;

        return -1;

    }

​

    for (bytes_written = 0; bytes_written < len; bytes_written++)

    {

        UART_TxBlocking(*data);

        data++;

    }

​

    return bytes_written;

}

​

/******************************************************************************

 *

 ******************************************************************************/

​

int _close(int file)

{

    return -1;

}

​

/******************************************************************************

 *

 ******************************************************************************/

​

int _lseek(int file, int ptr, int dir)

{

    return 0;

}

​

/******************************************************************************

 *

 ******************************************************************************/

​

int _fstat(int file, struct stat *st)

{

    st->st_mode = S_IFCHR;

    return 0;

}

​

/******************************************************************************

 *

 ******************************************************************************/

​

int _isatty(int file)

{

    if ((file == STDOUT_FILENO) ||

        (file == STDIN_FILENO) ||

        (file == STDERR_FILENO))

    {

        return 1;

    }

​

    errno = EBADF;

    return 0;

}

#endif