Development tools for Zephyr on STM32Workbench for Zephyr: VS Code extension to set up, build, flash and debug Zephyr applications on STM32.Devicetree manager: browse, edit and visualize Zephyr devicetree, STM32CubeMX-like for Zephyr.
I managed to fix it now -> it was a hardware problem, my cheap StLink V2 mini clone seemed to have a broken connection to the RST ping. Using a different unit fixed the problem and I can use the stock configuration to flash my STM32.