SPI between STM32F1 and STM32F4
There is no reason why this cannot happen.
However you have told us nothing that will let us help you other than you have a problem. Can you provide schematics and code etc..
Also what tests have you done? Have you checked that the master is sending the clock and the MOSI signal? Is the slave responding but nothing getting through to the master? Is the slave selected?
Susan